The illustrated optical manual, or handbook of instructions for the guidance of surgeons in testing quality and range of vision, and in distinguishing and dealing with optical defects in general

Historical Significance: Sir Thomas Longmore (1816-1895) was a military surgeon serving in the Ionian Islands, the West Indies, North America, India and the Crimea. He was a colleague of Florence Nightingale. He was Professor of Military Surgery at Fort Pitt and first Professor of Military Surgery at the Army Medical School at Netley Hospital. He was a leading authority on gunshot wounds and wrote a number of monographs on military medicine. He was the first British representative at the First Geneva Convention when the tradition of neutrality for army medical services, and the potent symbol of the Red Cross, was adopted. Longmore was appointed Honorary Surgeon to Queen Victoria in 1868, and in the same year became a Companion of the Bath. He was knighted in 1886.